OSI full form Is Open System Interconnection. OSI is called Open Interrelationship in Hindi. Open Systems Interconnection, the model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization. And It describes the flow of data from one computer to another.
And The OSI model is also called the ISO OSI reference model. This is a hypothetical model with seven layers. The physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer are the seven layers of the OSI model. Each layer performs specific operations on the data according to the functions of the previous layer. The application submission and session layers are called upper layers.
ओएसआई ओपन सिस्टम इंटरकनेक्शन का फुल फॉर्म है। OSI को हिंदी में Open Interrelationship कहा जाता है। ओपन सिस्टम इंटरकनेक्शन, मॉडल को अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संगठन द्वारा विकसित किया गया था। और यह एक कंप्यूटर से दूसरे कंप्यूटर में डेटा के प्रवाह का वर्णन करता है।
और ओएसआई मॉडल को आईएसओ ओएसआई संदर्भ मॉडल भी कहा जाता है। यह सात परतों वाला एक काल्पनिक मॉडल है। भौतिक परत, डेटा लिंक परत, नेटवर्क परत, परिवहन परत, सत्र परत, प्रस्तुति परत, और अनुप्रयोग परत OSI मॉडल की सात परतें हैं। प्रत्येक परत पिछली परत के कार्यों के अनुसार डेटा पर विशिष्ट संचालन करती है। एप्लिकेशन सबमिशन और सेशन लेयर्स को अपर लेयर्स कहा जाता है।
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Contents
OSI Full Form: Layers of the OSI Model
- Physical layer
- Datalink layer
- Network layer
- Transport layer
- Session layer
- Presentation layer
- Application layer
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Physical Layer
The physical layer is responsible for the physical cable or wireless connections between network nodes. This connector defines the connecting cable to an electrical cable or wireless technology, and is responsible for the transmission of raw data, taking care of bit data control, which is simply a series of 0s and 1s.
भौतिक परत नेटवर्क नोड्स के बीच भौतिक केबल या वायरलेस कनेक्शन के लिए ज़िम्मेदार है। यह कनेक्टर कनेक्टिंग केबल को एक विद्युत केबल या वायरलेस तकनीक से परिभाषित करता है, और कच्चे डेटा के प्रसारण के लिए जिम्मेदार है, बिट डेटा नियंत्रण का ख्याल रखता है, जो कि केवल 0s और 1s की एक श्रृंखला है।
Datalink Layer
The data link layer establishes and terminates a connection between two physically connected nodes on a network. It breaks the packets into frames and sends them from source to destination. This layer is made up of two parts Logical Link Control which identifies network protocols, performs error checks, and synchronizes frames, and Media Access Control which defines permissions using MAC addresses to connect devices and receive data. does to. does.
डेटा लिंक परत एक नेटवर्क पर दो भौतिक रूप से जुड़े नोड्स के बीच एक कनेक्शन स्थापित और समाप्त करता है। यह पैकेटों को फ्रेम में तोड़ता है और उन्हें स्रोत से गंतव्य तक भेजता है। यह परत दो भागों लॉजिकल लिंक कंट्रोल से बनी है जो नेटवर्क प्रोटोकॉल की पहचान करता है, त्रुटि जांच करता है, और फ्रेम को सिंक्रनाइज़ करता है, और मीडिया एक्सेस कंट्रोल जो उपकरणों को जोड़ने और डेटा प्राप्त करने के लिए मैक पते का उपयोग करके अनुमतियों को परिभाषित करता है। करता है। करता है।
Network Layer
The network layer has two main functions. A network is breaking packets into segments and reassembles the packets at the receiving end. Therefore Packets are routed by finding the best route across the physical network. A network address typically uses an Internet Protocol address to route network layer packets to a destination node.
And the network layer is responsible for facilitating data transfer between two different networks. If two communication devices are on the same network, the network layer is redundant. The network layer breaks packets from the transport layer into smaller units, called packets, at the sender’s device and reassembles these packets at the receiving device. And The network layer also finds the best physical route for the data to reach its destination; This is known as routing.
Transport Layer
The transport layer transfers the data to the session layer and breaks it into segments in the transmission segment. It is responsible for resampling the segment on the receiving end which is brought back to the data which can be used by the session layer. Therefore transport layer sends flow control data at a rate that matches the receiving device’s connection speed and error control, checking whether the data was received incorrectly and, if not, re-requested.
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Session Layer
The session layer creates a communication channel between devices, called a session. It is responsible for keeping sessions open to ensure that they remain open and functional while data is being transferred and to close them when communication ends. The session layer can also set up checkpoints during data transfer. If the session is interrupted, the device can resume data transfer from the previous checkpoint.
It is the layer responsible for opening and closing the communication between two devices. Therefore the time between the opening and closing of communication is known as a session. The session layer ensures that the session remains open long enough for all data to be exchanged, and then closes the session immediately to avoid wasting resources. So The session layer also synchronizes data transfer with checkpoints.
Presentation Layer
The presentation layer generates the data for the application layer. It defines how two devices should encode, encrypt, and compress data so that it is correctly received at the other end. And The presentation layer takes any data transmitted by the application layer and prepares it for transmission to the session layer.
Protocol control is from one layer to another, from start to finish, from bottom to top. Thus it also creates a backup hierarchy. So This model has no role in networking systems and processes. It’s not silly at all.
This layer is primarily responsible for preparing the data so that it can be used by the application layer, in other words, layer 6 makes the data presentable for applications to consume. So The presentation layer is responsible for the translation, encryption, and compression of the data.
Application Layer
The application layer is used by end-user software such as web browsers and email clients. So It provides protocols that allow the software to send and receive information and present meaningful data to users. And Some examples of application layer protocols are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Domain Name System (DNS).
It is the only layer that directly interacts with the data from the user. And Software applications such as web browsers and email clients rely on the application layer to initiate communication.
But it should be clarified that client software applications are not part of the application layer, but the application layer is responsible for protocols and data manipulation that depend on the software presenting meaningful data to the user. Application layer protocols include HTTP as well as SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is one of the protocols enabling email communication.
OSI Full Form: Advantages
- The best thing about this model is that it consists of seven layers, and these layers are independent. And thus, a change in one layer does not affect the other layers.
- It is safe and flexible.
- It has the capability to deal with both connectionless and connection-oriented services.
- The design, development, and maintenance of software are easier because the model breaks down the communication process into smaller sections.
OSI Full Form: Disadvantages
- Sometimes the whole process becomes very complicated.
- The initial implementation is slow and expensive.
- This is purely a hypothetical model and ignores the presence of equipment and technologies. Therefore, its practical implementation is somewhat restricted.
OSI Full Form: Characteristics
- It is the theoretical model that facilitates various communication methods to communicate using networks.
- Taking full responsibility for transferring data packets between network devices.
- It consists of seven layers, and each layer works independently to achieve the desired result.
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